вторник, 19 февруари 2013 г.
Light Tank Mk VII Tetrarch
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Tank, Light Mk VII, Tetrarch | |
|---|---|
[caption id="" align="alignright" width="300"]  Light Tank Mk VII Tetrarch (Photo credit: Wikipedia)[/caption]Mk VII Light Tank 'Tetrarch' | |
| Type | Light tank |
| Place of origin | United Kingdom |
| Service history | |
| Used by |  United Kingdom Soviet Union |
| Wars | Second World War |
| Production history | |
| Designer | Vickers-Armstrong |
| Designed | 1938 |
| Manufacturer | Metro-Cammell |
| Produced | 1938–1942[1] |
| Number built | 100–177[2] |
| Variants | Tetrarch I CS, Tetrarch DD |
| Specifications | |
| Weight | 17,000 pounds (7,600 kg) |
| Length | 13 ft 6 in (4.11 m)[3] |
| Width | 7 ft 7 in (2.31 m)[1] |
| Height | 6 ft 11 in (2.12 m)[1] |
| Crew | 3[1] (Commander, gunner, driver) |
| Armour | 14 mm |
| Main armament | QF 2 pounder (40 mm) 50 rounds |
| Secondary armament | 7.92 mm Besa machine gun 2,025 rounds |
| Engine | Meadows 12-cylinder petrol 165 hp |
| Suspension | Coil spring |
| Operational range | 140 miles (230 km)[1] |
| Speed | 40 miles per hour (64 km/h),[1] off–road 28 miles per hour (45 km/h) |
The Light Tank Mk VII (A17), also known as the Tetrarch, was a British light tank produced by Vickers-Armstrong in the late 1930s and deployed during the Second World War. The Tetrarch was originally designed as the latest in the line of light tanks built by the company for the British Army. It improved upon its predecessor, the Mk VIB Light Tank, by introducing the extra firepower of a 2 pounder gun. TheWar Office ordered 70 tanks, an order that eventually increased to 220. Production was delayed by several factors, and as a consequence, only 100 to 177 of the tanks were produced.
The tank's design flaws, combined with the decision by the War Office not to use light tanks in British armoured divisions, ruled out the use of Tetrarchs in the North African campaign. As a result, the majority of the tanks remained in Britain, although 20 were sent to theUSSR as part of the Lend-Lease program. In early 1941, the Royal Armoured Corps formed three squadrons for use in overseas amphibious operations; one of which was equipped with Tetrarchs. In May 1942, a small number of Tetrarchs formed part of the British force which participated in the invasion of Madagascar, and, in June 1942, Tetrarchs were attached to the 1st Airborne Division after it was decided that the design allowed its use as an air-portable light tank to support British airborne forces. The Tetrarchs were transported and landed in specially designed General Aircraft Hamilcar gliders.[4] A lack of gliders prevented their participation in the Allied invasion of Sicily in 1943; instead they were attached to the new 6th Airborne Division and became part of the 6th Airborne Armoured Reconnaissance Regiment.
The division used approximately 20 Tetrarchs during the British airborne landings in Normandy in June 1944. The tanks were successfully landed by glider, but they did not perform well. Several were lost in accidents, and those that did see action proved to be inferior in firepower and armour to the armoured fighting vehicles of the German forces. A few days after the beginning of the operation, the tanks were removed from direct engagement with German armour and used only to provide fire support. By August 1944, most of the Tetrarchs in action were replaced with Cromwell cruiser tanks, and the remainder were replaced by the M22 Locust in December 1944.
Tetrarchs did not see any further combat and were deemed obsolete by 1946; the last was retired in 1950. There were several variations on the Tetrarch design, including the Alecto self-propelled gun and the Light Tank Mk VIII, but none of these were ever used in active service with the British Army.
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