четвъртък, 21 февруари 2013 г.
Jean Baptiste Camille Canclaux
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| Jean Baptiste Camille de Canclaux | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | 2 August 1740 Paris |
| Died | 27 December 1817 Paris |
| Allegiance |  Kingdom of France Kingdom of the French French Republic First French Empire Kingdom of France |
| Years of service | 1756–1795 |
| Rank | Général de division |
| Commands held | Armée des côtes de Brest Armée de l'Ouest |
| Battles/wars | Seven Years' War French Revolutionary Wars Vendée (Nantes, Tiffauges, Quiberon) Chouannerie |
| Awards | Knight of Saint-Louis |
| Other work | Ministre plénipotentiaire to the court ofNaples (1796-1797) Senator (1800-1814) Comte d'Empire (1808-1815) Peer of France (1815) |
Jean Baptiste Camille de Canclaux (2 August 1740, Paris - 27 December 1817, Paris) was a French general during the French Revolution, a commander in chief, and a pair de France.
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[edit]Life
[edit]Military career
[edit]Ancien Régime
He entered the École de cavalerie de Besançon, then served as a volunteer in the régiment de Fumel-cavalerie (1756), and was promoted to cornette (1757). In the course of the Seven Years' War, he was involved in the Hanover campaign, rising to captain in 1760 and was demobbed at the peace.
Immediately re-entering the régiment de Conti-dragons, he taught the theory of major cavalry manoeuvres at the École de Besançon and published a book on tactics : Instruction à l'usage du régiment de dragons Conti. He rose to major (1768), mestre de camp (1773) with the rank of colonel, brigadier (1 January 1784) and was promoted to maréchal de camp on 10 March 1788, all the while remaining the commander of his regiment. He was made a knight of Saint Louis in 1773.
[edit]French Revolution
In 1790, he was one of the generals charged with verifying the regimental accounts and gathering their grievances. He was sent into Brittany in 1791 and 1792 to appease insurrection movements that had just broken out there, and to repress those that had not yet broken out. He brought himself to note by moderation and conciliatory spirit, winning a brilliant success near Quimper on 8 July.
On 7 September 1792 he was made lieutenant général and commander of the 13e division militaire, and was put in charge of embarking at Brest the troops intended for Saint-Domingue.
Made lieutenant-général at the end of 1793, the National Convention put him in command of the armée de l'Ouest. With scarcely 12,000 men, he successfully defended Nantes on 29 June, after several fierce and deadly clashes repulsing an attack by a Vendéen army of 50,000 Vendéens under Jacques Cathelineau. Victorious again at the battle of Montaigu (against Charette, who he would defeat again at Mortagne-sur-Sèvre), he was defeated at the battle of Tiffauges and suspended from his command. Despite a subsequent success at Saint-Symphorien, he was then demobbed on 29 September. He then retired to one of his estates, at the Château du Saussay (Essonne), but was recalled after the revolution of 9 thermidor year II (1794) and again made supreme commander of the armée de l'Ouest. He
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