Posted by : Aron сряда, 20 февруари 2013 г.

Candidatus Carsonella ruddii



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Candidatus Carsonella ruddii
Scientific classification
Kingdom:Bacteria
Phylum:Proteobacteria
Class:Gamma Proteobacteria
Order:unclassified
Genus:Candidatus Carsonella
Species:Ca. C. ruddii
Binomial name
Candidatus Carsonella ruddii
Thao et al. 2000


Candidatus Carsonella ruddii is an obligate endosymbiotic Gamma Proteobacterium;[1] it has the smallest genome of any characterised bacteria.[2]

The species is an endosymbiont that is present in all species of phloem sap-feeding insects known as psyllids.[3][4] The endosymbionts occurs in a specialised structure known as the bacteriome.

In 2006 the genome of Ca. C. ruddii strain Pv (Carsonella-Pv) of the hackberry petiole gall psyllid, Pachypsylla venusta, was sequenced at RIKEN in Japan and the University of Arizona. It was shown that the genome consists of a circular chromosome of 159,662 base pairs and that it has a high coding density (97%) with many overlapping genes and reduced gene length. The number of predicted genes was 182, also the lowest on record (NCBI-Genome). In comparison, Mycoplasma genitalium, which has the smallest genome of any free-living organism, has a genome of 521 genes. Numerous genes considered essential for life seem to be missing, suggesting that the species may have achieved organelle-like status.[2]

[edit]References




  1. ^ Spaulding, A. W. and C. D. von Dohlen. 1998. Phylogenetic Characterization and Molecular Evolution of Bacterial Endosymbionts in Psyllids (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha). Molecular Biology and Evolution 15(11):1506-1513

  2. a b Nakabachi A, Yamashita A, Toh H, Ishikawa H, Dunbar H, Moran N, Hattori M (2006). "The 160-kilobase genome of the bacterial endosymbiont Carsonella.". Science 314 (5797): 267. doi:10.1126/science.1134196. PMID 17038615.

  3. ^ Thao, M.L. 2000. Cospeciation of Psyllids and Their Primary Prokaryotic Endosymbionts. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 66:2898-2905

  4. ^ Thao, M.L. 2001. Phylogenetic analysis of vertically transmitted psyllid endosymbionts (Candidatus Carsonella ruddii) based on atpAGD and rpoC: comparisons with 16S-23S rDNA-derived phylogeny. Current Microbiology 42:419-21 PMID 11381334



[edit]External links



  • Scientific American – Tiny Genome May Reflect Organelle in the Making






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