сряда, 20 февруари 2013 г.
Candidatus Carsonella ruddii
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| Candidatus Carsonella ruddii | |
|---|---|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Bacteria |
| Phylum: | Proteobacteria |
| Class: | Gamma Proteobacteria |
| Order: | unclassified |
| Genus: | Candidatus Carsonella |
| Species: | Ca. C. ruddii |
| Binomial name | |
| Candidatus Carsonella ruddii Thao et al. 2000 | |
Candidatus Carsonella ruddii is an obligate endosymbiotic Gamma Proteobacterium;[1] it has the smallest genome of any characterised bacteria.[2]
The species is an endosymbiont that is present in all species of phloem sap-feeding insects known as psyllids.[3][4] The endosymbionts occurs in a specialised structure known as the bacteriome.
In 2006 the genome of Ca. C. ruddii strain Pv (Carsonella-Pv) of the hackberry petiole gall psyllid, Pachypsylla venusta, was sequenced at RIKEN in Japan and the University of Arizona. It was shown that the genome consists of a circular chromosome of 159,662 base pairs and that it has a high coding density (97%) with many overlapping genes and reduced gene length. The number of predicted genes was 182, also the lowest on record (NCBI-Genome). In comparison, Mycoplasma genitalium, which has the smallest genome of any free-living organism, has a genome of 521 genes. Numerous genes considered essential for life seem to be missing, suggesting that the species may have achieved organelle-like status.[2]
[edit]References
- ^ Spaulding, A. W. and C. D. von Dohlen. 1998. Phylogenetic Characterization and Molecular Evolution of Bacterial Endosymbionts in Psyllids (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha). Molecular Biology and Evolution 15(11):1506-1513
- ^ a b Nakabachi A, Yamashita A, Toh H, Ishikawa H, Dunbar H, Moran N, Hattori M (2006). "The 160-kilobase genome of the bacterial endosymbiont Carsonella.". Science 314 (5797): 267. doi:10.1126/science.1134196. PMID 17038615.
- ^ Thao, M.L. 2000. Cospeciation of Psyllids and Their Primary Prokaryotic Endosymbionts. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 66:2898-2905
- ^ Thao, M.L. 2001. Phylogenetic analysis of vertically transmitted psyllid endosymbionts (Candidatus Carsonella ruddii) based on atpAGD and rpoC: comparisons with 16S-23S rDNA-derived phylogeny. Current Microbiology 42:419-21 PMID 11381334
[edit]External links
- Scientific American – Tiny Genome May Reflect Organelle in the Making
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